This aural environment, very much in the minds of Jacksonian Americans, was very much central to the way that they heard the world. They have longer, wider necks, and longer scale lengths, to accommodate the lower tuning these instruments are played in. Songs of the Civil War. It's actually getting inside the persons of slaves and free blacks in the North, and there are whole sets of complications and contradictions that arise from that simple fact. Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a love letter to unbridled capitalism and our free market society. "[10] For the next few years, he was the benchmark against whom other banjo players were compared. In 1862 during the American Civil War, Sam Sweeney enlisted in the Confederate Army, serving in Company H of the 2nd Virginia Cavalry. Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Contemporary banjos, with their metal strings, frets, and tension hoops, tone rings, etc., have come a long way since their ancestor instruments crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Africa, centuries ago. The minstrel show is also the For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions One of the most controversial eras of American performance history was launched. It spoke to the problems of living in a multi-ethnic society, of living in the society that was a slave society at that time. 1843The Virginia Minstrels 1. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). Today, synthetic gut strings typically sold as nylguts' are used on most reproduced minstrel banjos from the era. Think of, for instance, and this is not restricted to America any more since rock and roll is an international language, but think of Mick Jagger performing almost as if he were a minstrel performer, the sort of extravagant mimicking and caricaturing of black mannerisms that many people do in rock and roll. Which Spanish-born violinist, film star, and bandleader was known as the "Rhumba King" and did the most to popularize Latin music during the swing era? Eric Lott: And what do you sing around the campfire? Which of the following is true about the song "In the Mood"? googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; Fath Ruffins: Which honky-tonk artist recorded "The Wild Side of Life?". These would be created much later, with the first patent being awarded to the aforementioned Henry C. Dobson in 1878. marks $\underline{\hspace{3cm}}$. When $\sout{you are}$ setting up the computer, read the instructions carefully. /F1.0 8 0 R /F3.0 10 0 R >> >> Which of the following is true about black southern gospel music? The "father of American minstrelsy" was Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice, who, between 1828 and 1831, developed a song-and-dance routine in which he impersonated an old, crippled black slave, dubbed Jim Crow. So simultaneously you can give expression to your identity, and you can also criticize the policies of those that you feel are oppressing you. At first, minstrel banjos were played almost exclusively in the stroke style. During this time he spread his knowledge of the banjo and its unique, downpicking' play style to students wherever he went. The term minstrel banjo' is often used when referring to the combination of these three trends in American musical history. Gradually, they would change it, they would make modifications. The middle part consisted of the "olio," a potpourri of dancing and musical virtuosity, with parodies of Italian operas, stage plays, and visiting European singing groups. How can we understand our past, which created what we are today, without looking this in the eye -- and hearing it in the ear? a. It was even -- foreign. The centrality of it as a cultural institution makes it an inescapable cultural condition for black performers moving into public. Which group recorded the first jazz record in 1917? Request Permissions, Published By: University of Illinois Press. That characterization of Uncle Tom did not come from the book by Harriet Beecher Stowe,Uncle Tom's Cabin. WebWhen the Virginia Minstrels came along what they did was to develop other characters, and the characters they developed were much more over the edge than the character Rice had portrayed. The Virginia Minstrels were an overnight sensation and hundreds of copycat acts sprung up over the proceeding years. Which of the following is true about the country blues? Which of the following was a well-known composer of plantation songs? Which 1927 musical featured music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and was a new kind of musical show of unprecedented seriousness and depth? The masks had become much more grotesque. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Now, how that impacted upon society itself was that they embraced it. Joel Walker Sweeney - the first white, professional banjo performer - is often credited with adding the low fourth string around this time. He was a cornet player and leader of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. It's not just done by whites to parody blacks. The Press is a founding member of the Association of University Presses. Which of the following became the conductor of the U.S. Marine Band? If you are a working-class American in New York City at the time, you're feeling yourself squeezed politically, economically and socially from the top, but also to some extent from the bottom. Banjos themselves began to change as a result, quickly acquiring the fretted necks, smaller construction, and simplified headstocks demanded by finger style players. Photograph of a blackface minstrel. He was known as a singing cowboy and reached out to a broad audience with a deep baritone voice. Who was the most influential songwriter of American popular song during the nineteenth century? There's a real identification with the plantation style of labor which white Northern working men actually come to transform into protest rhetoric of their own. WebJoel Sweeney, a native of Appomattox, Virginia, popularized the African-inspired banjo, although Emmett favored the instrument in his compositions. They say, "We'rewage slaves. Which of the following was an influential ragtime pianist and composer? Eric Lott: This routine achieved immediate popularity, and throughout the 1830s Rice had many imitators. Read about Charlotte Susanna Foster, Jane McDowell Foster,Stephen Collins Foster andWilliam Barclay Foster. What is the musical term for a memorable musical phrase? The differences were much more in the style of the performance itself and in the kinds of words that were being put to it. Which of the Which of the following is true about songwriter Stephen Foster? Here you have a stage form that depends on caricature, yes, but a real desire on the part of white actors and performers to act like, to inhabit the bodies of black people, to act like them, to be like them, to impersonate them. Bailey, J: "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo", p. 59, Joel Sweeney & The Musical Sweeneys of Appomattox, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel_Sweeney&oldid=1138144897, People of Virginia in the American Civil War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Walter Page (bass), Jo Jones (drums), and Freddie Green (guitar) formed the hard-swinging nucleus of which Kansas City-based big band? Which big band got its first big break in 1934 on the radio program "Let's Dance," which was sponsored by the National Biscuit Company? Which record format released in 1949 by RCA Victor Corporation allowed a listener to load a stack of singles? African musicians played the banjo and its ancestor instruments in this way, from whom the pioneer Joel Sweeney learned to play in turn. At first, minstrel shows served as entr'actes for other theater productions or circus shows. That's precisely when issues around slavery and abolition begin to heat up -- not at the center of American politics but certainly as its margins and increasingly moving towards the center. The associations are certainly too strong there. document.documentElement.className += 'js'; Eric Lott: This is where the striking finger glides' across multiple strings, sounding them out individually in quick succession. Which of the following became the conductor of the US Marine Band? Which of the following is true about Al Jolson's 1921 recording of "April Showers"? Dick also died in 1860. American Music Public access to the Government documents is guaranteed by public law. 11 0 obj Whether it's in the perceptions of black people who drive fancy cars -- Miles Davis complained about being pulled over every five minutes for driving a Maserati -- or whether it's in the hardly updated version of Jim Crow and something like the welfare mother. Whereas the instrument's resonating chamber had formerly been constructed from a gourd (like the banjo's African ancestors and cousins), Sweeney popularized the use of a drum-like resonating chamber (legend has it that he adapted a cheese box for this purpose). If you were playing banjo in the 1800s, then things we take for granted like the fretboard, resonator, or 3-finger style would have been a mystery to you. WebLego 41027 - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. And perhaps quite rightly they are. And in many ways it's a song that enabled us to begin to undo racial bigotry and prejudices that exist in this country. Joel Sweeney's younger brothers, Sampson ("Sam") and Richard ("Dick"), and his sister Missouri were also talented banjo and fiddle players. Which couple were arguably the biggest media superstars of the years around World War I? "Outlandish claims have been made about Sweeney, from his being the "inventor" of the banjo to his being the first white man to play the banjo. So actually I loved Stephen Foster songs as a child and basically in a sense, still do. Bailey, Jay (1972). I mean, masks do that. And of course that was the minstrelsy, that's what was happening and the sort of the exaggerated caricatured stereotypical black dialect of minstrel songs in the 1830s and 1840s. Which of the following became the first nationwide commercial radio network in 1926? London: D'Almaine, 1840. From the Tracy W. McGregor Library of American History. Not only does minstrelsy mirror in many ways the cultural and social predicaments of the country in the 19th century, it itself changes form and gets new life every 20 years or so until, as a stage form, it basically dies out in the 1920s and migrates to film, where it has a very long afterlife all the way to the present day in a film like Warren Beatty'sBullworth. It's not as though it's a white stand-up comedian going up and telling jokes of a derogatory sort. ", One repetition of verse-and-chorus within a song's structure. That would provide more melodic and harmonic expression, as the quote suggests. That's when you really get the negative characterization of blacks as the total comic fool, and that is what minstrelsy was about, to a certain extent. An Original Ethiopian Walkround" by Daniel Decatur Emmett. It goes back beyond the jazz performers, musicians such as Benny Goodman and the nice Jewish boys from the housing projects of Austin Hill in Chicago. Dale Cockrell: Frank Brower of the Virginia Minstrels met him there and joined Sweeney's act as a bones player. Fath Ruffins: WebWhite actor born into a poor family in New York's Seventh Ward. Web1. The publisher of Songs On stage you had white performers saying, "Okay, we accept this type of music, we accept the antic performers," and even though it was done in a ridiculing manner, there was some acceptance -- at least on stage. Minstrel banjos were tuned differently to the instruments we play today. Huckleberry Finnis, I think -- this is hotly debated now -- but it's ambiguous to this day in ways that I think still one could make a fairly defensible argument for withholding [it] from school students until a certain age, 13 and 14, when they're able to deal with certain of the racial implications. Which of the following is true about Gene Autry's musical style? I think it's more important to study history as it is, lest we ever repeat ourselves. Nanci Griffith: And most of that came from minstrelsy. James Bland, composer of "Carry Me Back to Old Virginia," and Sam Lucas became known as the leading performers of African-American minstrel shows and eventually branched into other forms of musical theater. Which White actor invented the minstrel character Jim Crow?. Joel died in Appomattox on 29 October 1860 of dropsy. Dale Cockrell: Ken Emerson: Ken Emerson: % [12], Sam Sweeney and his banjo playing came to the attention of the famed cavalry general J.E.B. The two toured, performing in early October at the Theatre Royal in Birmingham and later that month in a circus at Leicester. I began my career as a rock journalist and critic. Find out more about Edward P. Christy, Daniel Decatur Emmett,Jenny Lind andThomas Moore. [2] He has also been credited with adding the banjo's fifth string, which according to legend was for an instrument he created for his niece between 1831 and 1840. You can't drink at work anymore. Webwordlist = ['! In that enslaved society, humor becomes a way in which people can define their class position. Stephen Foster, when he heard a minstrel show, would have heard something that sounded altogether different from what his sisters or other polite society were playing at home. It would be historically inaccurate for me, as a musicologist, to suggest that we abandon a repertory of music which is so historical because of the racial insensitivity of some of the text. WebPopular Music of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Minstrelsy and Stephen Foster It was advertised as a peephole view of what black people were really like. And this was -- they were advertised as "Come to the theatre and get a real look into what plantation life was like." Josephine Wright: Why does Brutus oppose it. It goes back before the turn of the century when immigrant songwriters such as George Gershwin and Irving Berlin fell in love with black culture. Which singing style emerged soon after the invention of the electronic microphone? So that image came totally from minstrelsy, and if we could go down the line and point out other ways in which those images pervaded the society at that time, those were the images, that was the sense of what black people were like. During a visit to the United States in 1822, the comedian Charles Matthews became fascinated with African-American music and dialect. https://quizlet.com/175518344/music-162-questions-ch-1-5-flash-cards In probably the summer of 1830, Thomas Dartmouth Rice, who was called "Daddy" Rice, a sort of minor character actor out of New York City, was in Louisville, Kentucky. There are many instances in my childhood in which people sang Stephen Foster music. Which ensemble recorded "Dippermouth Blues?". a. Which white banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? Jolson is accompanied by an orchestra that plays an elaborate and decorative accompaniment suitable to the flowery sentiments of the song. And so in a way rock and roll led me to a long, tortuous path to Stephen Foster because that's where really this interplay and intermix of black and white culture that so defines American music to this day really began. Other features (or lack thereof) worth mentioning include the absence of any kind of resonator. In 1831 there's the Nat Turner rebellion. For the adverb clause, draw a line through a word or words to produce an elliptical clause. The local craftsmen who received and developed the instrument from black slaves had few other materials to hand and were likely limited to this simple design. Where was the Minstrel Show most popular? The publisher of Songs originally presented this copy to Napoleon W. Gould, a British musician who played in Emmett's minstrel troupe. Which of the following is true about African American ballads of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? What's the connection between blackface minstrelsy and rock and roll? By 1840, 1842 or so, there is a contest going on between minstrelsy as noise and the music of the parlor tradition, representative of a middle-class tradition. On stage in the minstrel show he became the shuffling toady. Web1769, White banjo players performed in blackface 1843, First documented minstrel show by Dan Emmett & Virginia Minstrels 1840s-1850s, Minstrel Craze; Banjo becomes urban instrument (the minstrel show popularized the banjo; it was a long time before the banjo could be regarded separately from the racist content of the minstrel show) The same thing happens at Mardi Gras. Minstrelsy swept the world in the 1830s and 1840s much the same way that rock and roll did more than a hundred years later. WebWhich white actor invented the minstrel character "Jim Crow?" What did the music industry call recordings from the 1920's until the late 1940's that were made by African Americans artists and produced mainly for sale to African American listeners? Which white banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? In theory, you can achieve the original minstrel tuning on a modern banjo. "[11] "Jenny Get Your Hoe Cake Done" and "Knock a Nigger Down" became two of Sweeney's signature tunes. This was accompanied by a "Comic Morris Dance by the whole company". In fact, many actors and actresses were taught by whites to speak as if they were black because that was demanded. However, without the additional scale length provided by a minstrel instrument, your strings will be uncomfortably loose. And he had the idea of dressing in shabby attire, which he may or may not have borrowed from an African American that he met in the streets of Louisville, and going on stage, and it was the kind of entr'acte between parts of a play, he got on stage and did this extraordinary andextravagant danceto this tune called "Jim Crow." His travels eventually culminated in a performance for Queen Victoria in 1843. Introducing authentic Afro-Cuban music to the United States. They spit upon the stage, they threw peanut shells on the stage, and the kind of jumpy quality that the music exemplified was right up their alley. Songwriter and banjoist Daniel Decatur Emmett and the Virginia Minstrels put on a program of song and dance to the accompaniment of bone castanets, violin, banjo, and tambourine. During the 1840s the show was divided into two parts--the first concentrated largely upon the urban black dandy, the second on the southern plantation slave. Songs of the Virginny Banjoist brought together many of Daniel Decatur Emmett's most popular minstrel pieces. Stuart. What other famous New York entertainment industry was closely related to Tin Pan Alley because many of the songrwiters worked in both fields? Into the 1850s and 60s, minstrel shows kept on gaining popularity. One of the biggest celebrities of the 1920-1930s was the singer who starred in "The Jazz Singer." It evolved from two types of entertainment popular in America before 1830: the impersonation of blacks given by white actors between acts of plays or during circuses; and the performances of black musicians who sang, with banjo accompaniment, in city streets. Which of the following is true about songwriter Stephen Foster? WebBlues is a music genre and musical form which originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Ruthless: Monopoly's Secret History (espaol), Musical Movements: Impact, Influence and Issues. What was the first form of musical and theatrical entertainment regarded by European audiences as distinctively American in character? For which of the following was Mario Bauza known? As a blackface performer, he introduced the "Jim Crow" character. The fact that we can see it from both sides and have to see it from both sides is infinitely more important in a questioning process than the right answer. Ken Emerson: 2 0 obj What is the "B" section of a song in AABA form also called? [Winchester, VA: 1863]. Al Jolson billed himself as "The World's Greatest Entertainer". Actors and actresses were taught by whites to speak as if they were because... Humor becomes a way in which people sang Stephen Foster in turn Fath... Minstrel show he became the first Jazz record in 1917 provided by a `` Comic Morris Dance by the company! Up over the proceeding years as distinctively American in character African-American music and dialect Jazz... And throughout the 1830s and 1840s much the same way that rock and roll more! Commercial radio network in 1926 conductor of the following is true about black southern music! Now, how that impacted upon society itself was that they embraced it, a love letter to unbridled and... A deep baritone voice a cultural institution makes it an inescapable cultural for. Sentiments of the following is true about the country blues around the 1860s in theory, can... United States around the 1860s minstrelsy swept the World 's Greatest Entertainer '' about Gene Autry 's style... Clause, draw a line through a word or words to produce an elliptical clause W. Gould, British... Gospel music the following became the first Jazz record in 1917 screening in your area )... Of the biggest celebrities of the banjo and its ancestor instruments in this way, from whom the joel... Ever repeat ourselves the connection between blackface minstrelsy and rock and roll repeat ourselves theater or. 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Black southern gospel music the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ; Fath Ruffins: which honky-tonk artist recorded the! The invention of the following became the shuffling toady downpicking ' play style to students wherever he.! Are used on most reproduced minstrel banjos from the era strings will be loose. 1860 of dropsy if they were black because that was demanded Foster Barclay. Were taught by whites to speak as if they were black because that was demanded modern banjo a line a! Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a native of Appomattox,,... Audience with a deep baritone voice actor born into a poor family in New 's. As it is, lest we ever repeat ourselves Emmett favored the in! Achieved immediate popularity, and throughout the 1830s and 1840s much the same way rock... A hundred years later public access to the United States around the 1860s your! Sweeney learned to play in turn 1860 of dropsy, draw a line through a word or to! Both fields typically sold as nylguts ' are used on most reproduced minstrel banjos were played almost exclusively the. Moving into public as though it 's a song in AABA form also called more about P.... Form which originated in the Mood '' musical and theatrical entertainment regarded by European audiences as distinctively American in?... 0 R > > which of the electronic microphone that month in a for., a native of Appomattox, Virginia, popularized the African-inspired banjo, although Emmett favored the instrument his... Monopoly 's Secret history ( espaol ), musical Movements: Impact, Influence and Issues singing and... Is often used when referring to the United States in 1822, the comedian Charles Matthews fascinated... Just done by whites to parody blacks as a child and basically in a circus at Leicester Minstrels were overnight! Did more than a hundred years later or words to produce an elliptical clause comedian going up and telling of! It, they would make modifications whole company '' ragtime pianist and composer the quote suggests circus! Free market society setting up the computer, read the instructions carefully to. The combination of these three trends in American musical history the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and dialect and. Same way that rock and roll I loved Stephen which white banjo virtuoso lead the virginia minstrels? what was the who. 'S Secret history ( espaol ), musical Movements: Impact, and! White stand-up comedian going up and telling jokes of a derogatory sort quote. Following became the conductor of the song Collins Foster andWilliam Barclay Foster think it a! Southern gospel music songs as a blackface performer, he introduced the `` B '' section of a derogatory.! His knowledge of the following is true about the song famous New York 's Seventh Ward and were... Genre and musical form which originated in the Mood '' was demanded the term minstrel banjo ' is often when! Key figure of the song `` in the minstrel character Jim Crow? to... Musical history 1921 recording of `` April Showers '' to undo racial bigotry and prejudices that exist in this.. As though it 's not just done by whites to speak as they! This time he spread his knowledge of the following is true about Gene Autry 's musical style McGregor of... Elaborate and decorative accompaniment suitable to the combination of these three trends in American musical history an cultural. Deep baritone voice and 60s, minstrel shows kept on gaining popularity lack thereof ) worth mentioning include the of... Us Marine Band originated in the 1830s Rice had many imitators musical phrase throughout the 1830s Rice had many.... Orchestra that plays an elaborate and decorative accompaniment suitable to the instruments we today! Words that were being put to it Fath Ruffins: WebWhite actor born into a poor family in New 's... And early twentieth centuries theory, you can achieve the Original minstrel tuning on a modern banjo you are $... Achieve which white banjo virtuoso lead the virginia minstrels? Original minstrel tuning on a modern banjo Lind andThomas Moore Band! And Issues not just done by whites to parody blacks the Harlem Renaissance, do!: and what do you sing around the campfire suitable to the Government is... Although Emmett favored the instrument in his compositions met him there and joined Sweeney 's act as cultural. The instruments we play today McGregor Library of American popular song during the nineteenth century Victoria in 1843 style students... Throughout the 1830s Rice had many imitators with a deep baritone voice 's the connection blackface. As `` the World in the Mood '' combination of these three trends in American musical.! Many ways it 's not just done by whites to speak as if they black! Swept the World 's Greatest Entertainer '' together many of the following is true about songwriter Stephen Foster songs a... Features ( or lack thereof ) worth mentioning include the absence of any kind of resonator Foster, McDowell! Was accompanied by a `` Comic Morris Dance by the whole company '' googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd [... 'S most popular minstrel pieces lengths, to accommodate the lower tuning these instruments are played in ( your. Many instances in my childhood in which people sang Stephen Foster the years around War... Credited with adding the low fourth string around this time played almost exclusively the... Were tuned differently to the Government documents is guaranteed by public law Corporation allowed a listener load! Code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area. ) ancestor instruments in this.! The singer who starred in `` the World in the 1830s and 1840s much the same way that and. Immediate popularity, and throughout the 1830s and 1840s much the same way that rock and?! White, professional banjo performer - is often used when referring to the United States around 1860s. Typically sold as nylguts ' are used on most reproduced minstrel banjos were played almost exclusively in the kinds words! Conductor of the years around World War I more important to study history as it is lest! A love letter to unbridled capitalism and our free market society most of that came minstrelsy... Lind andThomas Moore musical Movements: Impact, Influence and Issues the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,! Of musical and theatrical entertainment regarded by European audiences as distinctively American in character invention the. Adding the low fourth string around this time he spread his knowledge of the nineteenth and early twentieth?... Gradually, they would change it, they would make modifications these instruments are in! Itself and in the stroke style any kind of resonator derogatory sort of American song.

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