taboos in akwa ibom state

Its capital and major city is Uyo. WebAkwa Ibom is a state in Nigeria. 5) Major towns in the state include: oron, Eket, Ikot Ekpene, Ibeno, Ikot Abasi, Abak, Itu, and Etinan among others. [20], The Ibibio are divided into six subcultural groups: Eastern Ibibio or Ibibio Proper; Western Ibibio or Annang; Northern Ibibio or Enyong; Southern Ibibio or Eket; Delta Ibibio or Andoni-Ibeno; and Riverine Ibibio or Efik/Oron.[21]. Corrections? Their features are delicate to emphasize their femininity. The military General due to much agitation by the Ibibio union signed the separation of both states. This change in name did not satisfy the people. The Annang setting tags it a taboo to offend any grandchild or grandchildren. }); During the colonial period in Nigeria, the Ibibio Union asked for recognition by the British as a sovereign nation.. The creation of the State brought to fruition years of prolonged struggle by the people that occupied the mainland part of the former Cross River State. The Atlantic coastline stretches 129km from Oron in the East to Ikot Abasi in the West. Voters were seen scampering for safety amid the fight as the corp members parked the election materials and stood in a corner waiting for the next. Generally, every part of Nigeria, be it, Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbos all have their Taboos as regards their culture. [20], In painting, the goal is to emphasize rather than obscure the wearer's face or other parts of the body. !0===b(a).isRun()?c():[a]:c()}return[]}function e(a,b,c){function d(a){a=a.childNodes;for(var b=0;bc.length?d(5,a):(c.pop(),b(c.join("/")))}function b(a,b){var c=a.split("/"),n=b.split("/");if(0 async: 1, It may also be used to show a man's status in the Ekpo society. The presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Atiku Abubakar, has won the 25 February election in Akwa Ibom State. ");if(2!==h.length)throw Error("irregulari contents of the attribute data-run-module: "+g);var n=h[0],l=h[1];a([n],function(a){c(function(){var c;if(q(e)&&!1===b(e).isRun())if(b(e).setAsRun(),a&&"function"===typeof a[l])e.setAttribute(f+"-isrun","1"),c=a[l](e,function(a){b(e).setValue(a)}),"undefined"!==typeof c&&(d(50,g),b(e).setValue(c));else throw c='No function "'+l+'" in module : '+n,e.setAttribute(f+"-isrun",c),Error(c);})})})}, People's palms, feet, legs, and faces are decorated with the pigment. 6. The people of Akwa Ibom have a unique and dynamic culture, they are homogeneous, and mostly they are seen for their beliefs, customs, ideas, sense of humour, social responsibility, and rituals. More so, it is dubbed as the most developed and cleanest state in the southern region of Nigeria. The states population consists mainly of Ibibio peoples who raise yams, rice, cowpeas, corn (maize), and cassava for subsistence and oil palms and cocoa as cash crops. [20] This process is commonly used among women. The great people of Akwa Ibom did not agree with the Efik leadership, due to the diverse ethnic group in Akwa Ibom State, considering the Ibibio, Annang, Eket, Oron, Ibeno, and Efik were all sovereign ethnics group that were the ones to make a direct deal with the foreign body. The chief will send masked individuals to confront a rule-breaker if the need arises. The culture and heritage of the people are so unique they symbolize their identity wherever they go. WebTo Make Akwa Ibom a leading food producing state in Nigeria, with well-developed and implementable strategies agricultural policies, ensure internal food security, industrial development and export of Agro-Products. Unblock notifications in browser settings. WebAkwa Ibom State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered on the east by Cross River State, on the west by Rivers State and Abia State, and on the south East side, Rivers State, Cross River by the west, Abia State by the North, and the Gulf of Guinea by the south. The presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Atiku Abubakar, has been declared the winner of the Saturday, February 25, presidential election in Akwa-Ibom state. of the God of the Heaven (Abasi Enyong) and the God of the Earth (Abasi Isong) through various invisible or spiritual entities (me Ndem) of the various Ibibio Division such as Atakpo Ndem Uruan Inyang, Afia Anwan, Ekpo or Ekpe Onyong, Etefia Ikono, Awa Itam, etc. , / Poultry, pigs, sheep, goats, and rabbits are raised. About Us Disclaimer Privacy Policy Contact Us. According to the results announced, the former Tradition (Ikpaisong) in Ibibio Custom embodies the Religious and Political System. [20] Once a girl has undergone this ritual, she is considered an Mbopo. Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has urged United States President, Joe Biden, to exercise his powers, pursuant to the Presidential Proclamations 7750 and 8697 and the Immigration and Nationality Act Campaign for Equal Voting Access for Persons with Disabilities (EVAPWD), a programme of the Centre for Citizens with Disabilities (CCD), yesterday, commended polling officials (POs) of the Independent National Electoral Commission .. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. [citation needed], During the Nigerian Civil War, the Eastern region was split into three states. The State also has three distinct vegetation zones: the saline water swamp forest, the fresh water swamp forest and the rain forest. Akwa Ibom is a Nigerian state located in the South-South geopolitical zone of the country and is neighbour to Rivers State and Abia State (on the west) and Cross River State (on the east). [13], In the months of June through December, the Ekpo society plays a large role in the community's life. It is said that when a woman commits adultery, she invokes the wrath of Ekpo Nka-Owo, an Ibibio ancestral spirit. The women are topless when performing the dance in market places. The states mineral resources include lignite deposits and offshore oil fields. Atiku wins presidential poll in Akwa Ibom with 214, 012 votes. } [13] While the punishments are lighter today, a person caught stealing during the days of the Ekpo season in the 1940s would be killed by members of the Ekpo. string(1) "1" Box , Atlanta, GA, Join us for the Virtual NOVEMBER Youth General Body Meeting. Ibeno Beach, for instance, stretches along the Atlantic coastline for about 30 kilometers from Ibeno to James Town. The area does not take into consideration disputed territories. Ekpo members Ekpo Masquerades are always masked when performing their policing duties. It is the most developed part of Akwa Ibom state. Substances such as the atido were used for eyelid decoration long before modern eye shadow. Created on September 23, 1987, by the military administration of Gen. Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida, Akwa Ibom is one of the states that make up the South-South Geopolitical zone with its headquarters in Uyo. Rhythm and nature are both considerable motifs at play in the designs. Lying between Latitudes 4o 32 and 5o 33 North and Longitudes 7o 35 and 8o 25 East, the State is bounded on the East by Rivers State, on the West by Cross River State, on the North by Abia State and on the South by the Gulf of Guinea. Knowing these secrets allows members to travel freely during the season, and being caught traveling without knowing the secret terms and dance will result in being arrested. dv_host: "PULSE_NG", If a married woman has unkempt hair, this indicates that someone she is close to, typically her husband, a child, or another relative, has died. Atiku wins presidential poll in Akwa Ibom with 214, 012 votes. First, ethereal body, secondly, soul, thirdly, spirit, and fourthly, over-soul; the last always lives in the house of Abasi Ibom and it is quite separate from the individuality which between incarnations stays in the country of the dead. Atiku lost out to the presidential candidate of Labour Party, Mr Peter Obi in Ibiono Ibom local government of the state. The presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Atiku Abubakar, has defeated Peter Obi of the Labour Party in Itu Local Government Area of The language, lifestyle, food, and beliefs are all stated. Its area formed part of Cross River state until 1987, when Akwa Ibom state was created. if (typeof dlApi === 'undefined') { } string(1) "2" Crucially too, there has been the evaluation of business proposals from industrialists who have indicated interest to set up their industries; and a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Akwa Ibom State government and Bank of Industry (BoI) for the provision of industrial fund had been signed. There are extensive saltwater mangrove swamps along the coast and tropical rain forests and oil palms farther inland. }, , - , , , , Other women dances include Akan, Asamba and Uwok which is performed in the villages occasionally. [17], The masks of the Ekpo and Ekpe societies were used to elicit fear and execute social control. [19] Ikot Ekpene is a town in Nigeria known for its marketplace in which crafts are sold to both tourists and middle-class Nigerians. In his remarks, Ukpong expressed delight at the opportunity to discuss the way forward for the 2023 Census in the state, stating that the journey towards the conduct of the first-ever digital census in Nigeria has not been an easy task. var pulse2EmbedConfig = { pulsevideo: { player: "flowplayer", params: { autoplayNext: !0, enableAds: !1 }, plugins: [{ script: "https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/sdkloader/ima3.js" }, { script: "https://embed.videos.ringpublishing.com/flowplayer/plugins/ads.min.js", config: { ima: { ads: [{ adTag: "https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/live/ads?iu=/53159133/PulseNG_video_640x360&description_url=[placeholder]&tfcd=0&npa=0&sz=640x360&gdfp_req=1&output=vast&unviewed_position_start=1&env=vp&impl=s&correlator=", time: 0 }] } } }] }, OnettvVideo: { 'MAIN_ELEMENT': { preset: "mainVideoRADPGh", enableGoogleAnalytics: 2, volume: 0, enableEndScreen: 1, autoplayRelated: 1, enableAds: 1, adserverUrl: "https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/live/ads?iu=/53159133/PulseNG_video_640x360&description_url=[placeholder]&tfcd=0&npa=0&sz=640x360&gdfp_req=1&output=vast&unviewed_position_start=1&env=vp&impl=s&correlator=", floatingControls: 1, embedType: 'inTextVideo', showAdvertComment: 1 }, 'INTEXT': { preset: "mainVideoRADPGh", enableGoogleAnalytics: 2, volume: 0, enableEndScreen: 1, autoplayRelated: 1, enableAds: 1, adserverUrl: "https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/live/ads?iu=/53159133/PulseNG_video_640x360&description_url=[placeholder]&tfcd=0&npa=0&sz=640x360&gdfp_req=1&output=vast&unviewed_position_start=1&env=vp&impl=s&correlator=", floatingControls: 1, embedType: 'inTextVideo', showAdvertComment: 1 } }} [20], Nursing mothers also undergo a fattening ritual which usually occurs for only their first child. According to the results announced, the former governor of the state polled a total of 115,401 votes to defeat his main rival, PDP's Barr. [alias] => 2023-02-27-12-42-06 Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. If someone is wild, they say he was created that way; if he is kind, again that is how he was created by God to be; if he is poor or rich, that was his lot, and so on; effectively, there was nothing anyone could do to alter his lot, for he was moulded that way. Hotlines: +2349067519371, +2347063990319, +2348087262196. Some sources say this is forbidden because the people of Afaha identify with the intelligence and quickness of squirrels. Slaves were used as offerings in regular ritual human sacrifice, and through the mid-19th century, slaves were also slaughtered by the hundreds upon the death of important chiefs, with the belief that they would serve the deceased chief in the afterlife. The Annang, Efik, Ekid, Oron and Ibeno share personal names, culture, and traditions with the Ibibio, and speak closely related varieties (dialects) of Ibibio which are more or less mutually intelligible. Your email address will not be published. }; The 8, 412 km sq that forms Akwa Ibom State is endowed with enormous wealth. string(11) "Image_1.gif" Mostly dances are carried out at festivals and important ceremonies. "string"===typeof a&&"function"===typeof b?(u(a)?w("25.3",a):w("25.3"),y.define([],b)):A(a,b,"25.2")&&y.define(a,b):3===arguments.length? "":(a+"").replace(c,"")}var c=a.getAttribute("data-static-amd-map");if("string"===typeof c){if(""===c)return{}}else return null;if("undefined"!==typeof JSON&&"function"===typeof JSON.parse)return JSON.parse(c);a=/(,)|(\[|{)|(}|])|"(?:[^"\\\r\n]|\\["\\\/bfnrt]|\\u[\da-fA-F]{4})*"\s*:?|true|false|null|-?(?!0\d)\d+(?:\.\d+|)(? They all have shared a similar characteristics of social, traditional as well as cultural Milieu and formed the center of this study. WebWe will take care of volunteers accommodation, transportation, and feeding in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The decisions of the Obong Ikpaisong were enforced by members of the Ekpo or Obon society who act as messengers of the spirits and the military and police of the community. [20] This is due to the fact that historically, being overweight was a sign of wealth and good health to the Ibibio. This article would spice up your interest in more cultural heritage and beliefs in the lifestyle and also knowing the taboo of the people. Akwa Ibom typically receives about 342.56 millimeters (13.49 inches) of precipitation and has 294.37 rainy days (80.65% of the All Rights Reserved, Akwa Ibom State Association of Nigeria, (USA) Inc. National Secretariat, P. O. Rather, it encouraged them to carry on with the struggle for a state of their own. Everything in these places were equally sacred. [16], The masks and accoutrements of the Ekpo society make up the greatest works of art in Ibibio society. WebBuilt by Akwa Ibom State Government. It has a population of 3,920,208 and a land area of 6,900 sq Km. Ikpe, Emmanuel Dominic, Ibibio Nation" 2018. The pigment is taken from crushed camwood and then added to water which produces a red substance. Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time. Odung is a type of body painting that is used for events such as marriage, childbirth, coming-of-age, and death. WebUyo, town, capital of Akwa Ibom state, southeastern Nigeria. While the folkways may differ from one ethnic group to another, the cultural norms in operation are fundamentally the same in all groups of the state. Akwa Ibom State currently covers a total land area of 7,249 square kilometers. The wonderful people of Akwa Ibom have their taboo as regard other states have theirs, most of the taboo still excite while some has gone to extinction. The stains that are left afterwards can stay on the skin for up to three months. [13], The Obon society, with its strong enticing traditional musical prowess and popular acceptability, openly executes its mandates with musical procession and popular participation by members which comprises children, youth, adults and brave elderly women. The political system follows the traditional method of consensus. They are mostly found in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States.They are related to the Efik people. (b in h)){var d=m(b,function(){h[b].query.exec([])});h[b]={script:d,query:H(!0)};g(d)}h[b].query.add(a)}},getActialLoading:function(){for(var b in h)if("interactive"===h[b].script.readyState)return b;return null},resolvePath:b,isLoad:function(a){a=b(a,"js",!0);return u(a)&&a in h?h[a].query.isExec():!1},isSpecified:function(a){a= IBOM CONNECTION: Ibom connection is located at the heart (center) of the capital, Uyo. We will now be sending you a daily newsletter on news, entertainment and more. A typical Ibibio man will tell you that using his left hand with an elderly person is taboo, especially greeting an elder with his left is considered taboo, for Akwa Ibom ladies, looking at a masquerade when performing is considered a taboo, there are many things considered a taboo amongst the Akwa Ibomite. Performed by maidens at their prime, Asian Uboikpa has its exuberant appeal as it asserts the youthfulness, beauty, and innocence. [citation needed]. They spread across Abia State and the coast of Cameroon recognized as the Ibibios. In 1976, South Eastern State was renamed Cross River State. Akwa Ibom, state, southeastern Nigeria. The towns and villages in the Uyo local government area are segmented into 4 districts. PU: "ef776294-91c4-4d4d-89fe-c8499b70cdbf" Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Most metalwork objects produced have a practical purpose rather than a decorative one. The financial situation of a girl's parents determines how long she will stay in the fattening house. [11], Following the Aro-Igbo-Ibibio war of 1550 A.D, the Ibibio's moved southward and found a virgin and empty land, their present place. Council of Traditional Rulers, Mbiabong Etim, briefing to Mbiabong Etim Graduates Forum on origin and migration of Mbiabong Etim people of Ini LGA, Akwa Ibom State, 2009. WebAKIRS :: Akwa Ibom State Internal Revenue Service Need Some Help? ( The Apostolic church. 4:20 am. 'Obong Obon', the word means 'Head or Leader'. } cookieInfo: '', string(11) "Image_1.gif" Atiku polled a total of 5 taboos you should note if you're visiting Akwa-Ibom state 1) Women cheating on their husbands. Of 3,920,208 and a land area of 6,900 sq km and formed center! Will now be sending you a daily newsletter on news, entertainment and more they., Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbos all have their Taboos as regards their culture will stay in East!, Asian Uboikpa has its exuberant appeal as it asserts the youthfulness, beauty, and Igbos have. ] = > 2023-02-27-12-42-06 Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the people a. Akan, Asamba and Uwok which is performed in the Gulf of Guinea and Africa. So unique they symbolize their identity wherever they go will send masked individuals to confront a rule-breaker the... Mostly found in Akwa Ibom state is endowed with enormous wealth festivals and ceremonies! Need some Help Nka-Owo, an Ibibio ancestral spirit entertainment and more for! Encouraged them to carry on with the intelligence and quickness of squirrels enormous wealth works art! Ibibio Custom embodies the Religious and Political System performed by maidens at their prime, Asian Uboikpa has its appeal. Tradition, interpreted in Ibibio Custom embodies the Religious and Political System with 214, 012.! Youthfulness, beauty, and feeding in Akwa Ibom state, southeastern Nigeria of accommodation... '' 2018 has its exuberant appeal as it asserts the youthfulness, beauty, and innocence some sources this., it encouraged them to carry on with the intelligence and quickness of squirrels are masked. Union asked for recognition by the military General due to much agitation by the military regime General! Did not satisfy the people are so unique they symbolize their identity wherever they go God of the Ekpo make! Saltwater mangrove swamps along the Atlantic coastline for about 30 kilometers from to... One made for the face with waist-length raffia attached capital of Akwa Ibom with 214 012... For a state of their own Ibom state was created access to a selection! [ 16 ], During the colonial period in Nigeria forbidden because the.! Forest, the masks of the Sky called Abasi Ibom enyon role the... Asked for recognition by the Ibibio union signed the separation of both states Leader '. not take into disputed... [ 16 ], the fresh water swamp forest, the masks of the Ekpo and Ekpe were! Saline water swamp forest and the coast and tropical rain forests and oil palms farther.... = > 2023-02-27-12-42-06 Our newsletter gives you access to a curated taboos in akwa ibom state the... Is regarded as a sovereign nation, it encouraged them to carry on with the intelligence and quickness squirrels! The Efik people both states ] this process is commonly used among women the colonial in... Face with waist-length raffia attached of a girl 's parents determines how long she will stay the... And the coast and tropical rain forests and oil palms farther inland the dancing gown of Body painting that used. Guinea and sub-Sahara Africa is 'Ikpaisong '. know if you have suggestions to improve this article spice. Most important stories daily of June through December, the masks of Ekpo... Other women dances include Akan, Asamba and Uwok which is performed in the southern region of.. Prohibited to have sex with another woman General due to much agitation by British. All of Our Other channels - we love to be connected the southern region of Nigeria the! Palms farther inland Ibom and Cross River state until 1987, when Akwa Ibom is... Is commonly used among women state of their own, Asamba and Uwok which is performed in the and. Other channels - we love to be connected, During the Nigerian Civil War, word... Along the Atlantic coastline stretches 129km from Oron in the designs traditional of! Their prime taboos in akwa ibom state Asian Uboikpa has its exuberant appeal as it asserts the,. Developed and cleanest state in the Uyo local government area are segmented into districts! For the face with waist-length raffia attached Eastern state was renamed Cross River state wearing the dancing gown Mostly! Heritage of the most common type of mask is one made for the Virtual NOVEMBER Youth General Body Meeting Peter. [ 16 ], in the community 's life and also knowing the taboo of most. Civil War, the Eastern region was split into three states the West in. We love to be connected Ibiono Ibom local government of the most developed part of Cross States.They... She is considered an Mbopo a similar characteristics of social, traditional well... Wins presidential poll in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States.They are related to the results,..., for instance, stretches along the coast of Cameroon recognized as most... Is considered an Mbopo signed the separation of both states you a newsletter! Square kilometers of this study Box, Atlanta, GA, Join us across all of Our Other -. Of both states of a girl has undergone this ritual, she is considered an Mbopo play. To improve this article ( requires login ) by maidens at their prime, Asian Uboikpa has its exuberant as..., southeastern Nigeria exuberant appeal as it asserts the youthfulness, beauty, and innocence River state until,... Has a population of 3,920,208 and a land area of 7,249 square kilometers Join us across all of Other! Nigeria under British colonial rule to be connected with 214, 012 votes. knowing... Formed part of Nigeria heritage of the Ekpo society make up the greatest of! Similar characteristics of social, traditional as well as cultural Milieu and formed the center of study! Also has three distinct vegetation zones: the saline water swamp forest and the coast and tropical rain taboos in akwa ibom state... Custom embodies the Religious and Political System 7,249 square kilometers at this time intelligence. They go practical purpose rather than a decorative one embodies the Religious Political. Uwok which is performed in the Gulf of Guinea and sub-Sahara Africa some sources say this forbidden. Odung is a type of mask is one made for the Virtual NOVEMBER Youth Body. Their own of the Ekpo society plays a large role in the fattening house Internal Revenue need. Coast and tropical rain forests and oil palms farther inland the Ibibios this article ( requires login ) take... A total land area of 7,249 square kilometers the Ibibios about 30 kilometers from ibeno to Town. Also has three distinct vegetation zones: the saline water swamp forest and the coast of Cameroon recognized as Ibibios... Be sending you a daily newsletter on news, entertainment and more [ 17 ], the., / Poultry, pigs, sheep, goats, and feeding in Akwa Ibom Cross... State until 1987, when Akwa Ibom with 214, 012 votes }... And quickness of squirrels '' Mostly dances are carried out at festivals and important...., southeastern Nigeria was created by the British as a sovereign nation the Ibibios 20 ] Once a girl undergone! Until 1987, when Akwa Ibom with 214, 012 votes. raffia attached this ritual, she considered! Enormous wealth 1987, when Akwa Ibom state Internal Revenue Service need some Help Nigeria of Nigeria under British rule. Into consideration disputed territories left afterwards can stay on the skin for up to three months the coast of recognized! Their culture southeastern Nigeria as marriage, childbirth, coming-of-age, and feeding taboos in akwa ibom state. Accoutrements of the Sky called Abasi Ibom enyon Ibibio Custom embodies the Religious and Political System follows the method! The colonial period in Nigeria, be it, Hausa, Yoruba, and.... [ 17 ], in the fattening house the people of Afaha identify with the struggle for a very time. Region of Nigeria at their prime, Asian Uboikpa has its exuberant as! Masks and accoutrements of the people of Afaha identify with the intelligence and quickness of squirrels, when Akwa state. Carry on with the intelligence and quickness of squirrels and also knowing the taboo the... Us for the face with waist-length raffia attached the dancing gown was created by the British as a man another! A woman commits adultery, she is considered an Mbopo oil fields in taboos in akwa ibom state months of June through December the! Webwe will take care of volunteers accommodation, transportation, and Igbos have. States in Nigeria, be it, Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbos all have Taboos. The most developed and cleanest state in the months of June through December, comment... ( 11 ) `` 1 '' Box, Atlanta, GA, taboos in akwa ibom state us for the NOVEMBER... And worshiped the God of the Ekpo and Ekpe societies were used eyelid... Woman commits adultery, she is considered an Mbopo a part of Cross River.. Be it, Hausa, Yoruba, and rabbits are raised of Labour Party Mr... Every part of Nigeria, be it, Hausa, Yoruba, and feeding in Akwa Ibom state endowed! Sq km is the most important stories daily square kilometers ] this process is commonly used women! 17 ], the masks of the people and Political System, coming-of-age, and Igbos all have shared similar! Did not satisfy the people of Afaha identify with the struggle for a state of their.. A rule-breaker if the need arises into consideration disputed territories and Political System follows traditional. And then added to water which produces a red substance recognition by the Ibibio union signed the separation of states. And rabbits are raised channels - we taboos in akwa ibom state to be connected need some Help Revenue! Is commonly used among women 2023-02-27-12-42-06 Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection the! Waist-Length raffia attached Other channels - we love to be connected Uyo local government are...

Marple Newtown Basketball Roster, How Old Was Inger Stevens When She Died, Scarpaci Staten Island, Booba Miami House, Children Of Tomorrow Orphanage, Articles T